What is RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol)

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is a computer networking protocol that is used to prevent loops in a network and to ensure a loop-free topology. RSTP is an improvement over Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) that provides faster convergence and improved network stability.

RSTP works by building a spanning tree that represents the network and shows only one active path between any two devices. The spanning tree is used to block redundant links and prevent loops in the network. RSTP introduces new port states and a new BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) format to achieve faster convergence. RSTP also has a more efficient algorithm for determining the active and blocked paths in the network.

In the event of a network change, such as the failure of a link or the addition of a new device, RSTP can converge in just a few seconds, compared to 30-50 seconds for STP. This makes RSTP well-suited for large, rapidly changing networks, where network topology changes frequently.

RSTP is widely used in Ethernet networks and is specified in the IEEE 802.1W standard. It is supported by most networking equipment and is commonly used in enterprise networks, data centers, and service provider networks.

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