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Types of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

 There are several different types of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) that are used in computer networks to prevent loops and ensure a loop-free topology. Some of the most common types of STP include:


IEEE 802.1D STP: This is the original and most basic form of STP. It is defined in the IEEE 802.1D standard and is the standard STP implementation found in most networking equipment.


Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP): This is an improved version of STP that provides faster convergence and improved network stability. RSTP is defined in the IEEE 802.1W standard.


Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP): This is an extension of STP that allows multiple independent spanning trees to be used in a single network. MSTP is defined in the IEEE 802.1s standard.


Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+): This is a Cisco proprietary implementation of STP that allows multiple spanning trees to be used, one for each VLAN in the network.


Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol (PVSTP): This is a standard implementation of STP that allows multiple spanning trees to be used, one for each VLAN in the network.


Each type of STP has its own unique features and benefits and is used in different types of networks based on specific requirements and constraints. The most appropriate type of STP for a given network depends on the network's size, complexity, and requirements.

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